The irregular darkening in spots or patches is caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color. Uneven skin tone and hyper-pigmentation can be superficial or deep and can be temporary or permanent.
There are several types of hyper-pigmentation, the common ones are:
MELASMA
Typically occurring symmetrically and believed to be correlated to hormonal changes; it can develop during pregnancy.
SUNSPOTS
Solar lentigos or ‘old age spots’ occur related to excess sun exposure over time.
POST-INFLAMMATORY HYPER-PIGMENTATION
Typically results from skin injury or inflammation. Common causes are acne or friction.
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